Articles by Scott Opsal, CFA Chief Investment Officer

November ushers in a tropical breeze for risk-seeking investors. The six-month stretch from November through April has proven to be an exceptionally profitable time, particularly for those exposed to factors, such as size, value, and volatility.

From its December 1989 inception through the end of 2022, the Dividend Aristocrats (DA) Index handily outperformed the S&P 500, posting an 11.8% annualized return compared to the parent index’s 9.7% gain. However, the AI mania driving the market today has erased much of that 33-year advantage, and Dividend Aristocrats rank as the worst performing style since the beginning of 2023. We were intrigued by this turnabout and what it means for investing in dividend growers going forward.

Interest-rate cycles driven by Fed-policy changes can be the most powerful determinants of economic and market conditions. Decisions to raise or lower the fed funds rate impact sectors and styles differently; September’s rate cut prompted us to review equity winners and losers from prior episodes.

In contrast to its solid showing through the mega-cap-growth boom of recent years, Quality was a Q3 outlier, trailing SPX by over 5%. Part of the cause is sector allocation, as defensive stocks are badly out of favor. The other force was stock selection—for example, the absence of NVDA.

Levered ETFs have been on the scene for almost 20 years, but their popularity has exploded during the post-pandemic bull market led by the tech titans that dominate the Artificial Intelligence evolution.  Two characteristics of levered ETFs suggest to us that this asset class could possibly be a useful barometer of investor sentiment.  First, their exaggerated payouts mean that investors will win big when they are right and lose big when they are wrong, implying a high degree of confidence in their outlook.  Second, with their effectiveness measured in days, these instruments are best used to reflect an outlook that will come to pass in a fairly short time.  These two properties are suggestive of a particular mindset, and our study considers this signaling potential from a number of angles.

The second quarter of 2025 posted another “all green” earnings waterfall, as each component of our profit breakdown gained ground. Sales growth was a robust 6.9%, paving the way to a 17.6% gain in net income for S&P 500 members

The Magnificent 7 constitutes 34% of the S&P 500 and comprises seven of the eight largest companies in the index. We explore a few of the disguises the market has been wearing during this mega-cap growth era, looking behind the mask at the broad swath of equities hidden by the Mag 7’s dazzling veil.

Our hypothesis is that true active managers are more diversified than their style box indices and when one style has a prodigious quarter, active portfolios of that variety will surely lag. Q2’s low success rate for actively-managed growth portfolios is exactly what we expect in such a stylistically lopsided period.

These days, the rate of inflation is a much-discussed topic, as it hovers near the threshold that would allow the Fed to begin cutting interest rates. The CPI’s latest reading of 2.9% is down significantly from pandemic levels, but not quite low enough to claim victory in achieving the Fed’s 2% target.

The relative valuation across major themes can be highly informative of investor sentiment and economic expectations. July’s Green Book observation of the unusually high valuations of cyclicals vs. defensives is suggestive, indicating a positive outlook on the business cycle and hinting at a risk-on mentality. Periods when the reverse is true would reflect concerns of an economic slowdown and a desire to play it safe when it comes to equity risk exposure.  Whether one is a portfolio manager looking to play the momentum in cyclicals or a relative value opportunity in defensives, it is worthwhile to keep an eye on this telling relationship.

The risk-on rally since April produced a complete flip in factor performance vs. Q1. The year began with Low Volatility and Dividend factors leading the pack, posting positive returns even as the S&P 500 lost 4%. Q2 performance has High Beta, Momentum, and Growth far outpacing SPX’s nearly 11% gain.

Those who follow an investment approach embracing thematic groups, sectors, or industries will enjoy superior results if they construct a universe using narrower baskets. Our GSS process assigns stocks into well over 100 themes, offering the advantages of wider opportunity sets and greater diversification.

Price momentum is one of the essential factors in a quantitative investor’s toolbox, consistently demonstrating its effectiveness across different asset classes and multiple market cycles.  The dimension of periodicity indicates that time frame is a key determinant of Mo’s potential. Shorter time frames exhibit a reversal pattern, however 9- and 12-month windows show nicely positive results.  Furthermore, Momentum's success at the stock level translates into excellent returns when companies are grouped into sectors and industries. Our research indicates that Mo is at its best when industries are more narrowly defined rather than being applied at the sector level.

Net income soared almost 24%, with each step in our earnings growth waterfall registering in the green. Pretax margin expansion contributed 9.2%; however, this last step of the waterfall is always influenced by unusual items—and Q1 saw an abnormally positive impact from lower write-offs.

Developed due to the growing interest in private debt and equity, these vehicles offer a degree of liquidity and transparency within a regulated, standardized fund format. While fees and expenses are lofty versus OEFs and ETFs, interval funds’ relatively high current income may be very appealing to some.

As tactical investors and market historians, we are intrigued by the long cycles of market leadership, always curious to understand what drives these seismic shifts.  One idea that continually pops up in our studies is the notion that bear markets frequently tend to produce changes in asset class superiority.  This study examines the relative performance of three pairs of major asset classes: small vs. large, value vs. growth, and international vs. domestic.  The historical record seems to corroborate our intuitive thesis that bear markets and asset class leadership rotations are connected, either due to changes in fundamentals or market psychology.

Our research shows that weaker equity markets are favorable for active managers, and this quarter’s overall success rate of 57% is consistent with that expectation. Active managers outperformed in six of nine style boxes, led by an excellent 82% win rate for small-blend managers and a 74% success rate in large value.

Today’s disproportionate outflow from gold miners even as physical gold continues to attract new money, is the proverbial “canary in the mine” that serves as a warning of looming trouble. When the miners are bleeding assets, investors may wish to take precautions against the impending risk of lower gold prices.

A synopsis of ten historical bubbles, with price charts detailing the scope and duration of each, beginning prior to the onset of the hysteria through the aftermath of the bursting of the bubble. At the end of these cycles, the asset typically returns to the base trend in place before the insanity took hold. These quick anecdotes may be of particular interest to those whose tenure as professional investors has not yet reached the quarter-century mark.

S&P 500 performance turned negative in the first quarter of 2025 and factor returns responded as expected. Defensive factors including Low Volatility and dividend-focused styles produced positive returns, and Value managed to eke out a tiny gain.